diff --git a/pipelines/tools/summarize_bills.py b/pipelines/tools/summarize_bills.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..3931789
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+++ b/pipelines/tools/summarize_bills.py
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+"""Summarize bill_text rows with GPT-5 and store results in the database."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import logging
+import tomllib
+from os import getenv
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Annotated, Any
+
+import httpx
+import typer
+from sqlalchemy import Select, or_, select
+from sqlalchemy.orm import Session, selectinload
+
+from pipelines.config import get_config_dir
+from pipelines.orm.common import get_postgres_engine
+from pipelines.orm.data_science_dev.congress import Bill, BillText
+from pipelines.tools.bill_token_compression import compress_bill_text
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+OPENAI_PROJECT_ID = "proj_fQBPEXFgnS87Fk6wZwploFwE"
+
+
+
+def _find_prompts_path() -> Path:
+    return get_config_dir() / "prompts" / "summarization_prompts.toml"
+
+
+def load_summarization_prompts(
+    section: str = "summarization",
+) -> dict[str, str]:
+    return tomllib.loads(_find_prompts_path().read_text())[section]
+
+
+class BillSummaryError(RuntimeError):
+    """Raised when a bill summary request or response is invalid."""
+
+
+def call_openai_summary(
+    *,
+    model: str,
+    messages: list[dict[str, str]],
+) -> str:
+    """Call GPT and return the assistant message content."""
+    api_key = getenv("CLOSEDAI_TOKEN")
+    if not api_key:
+        msg = "CLOSEDAI_TOKEN is required"
+        raise BillSummaryError(msg)
+
+    response = httpx.post(
+        "https://api.openai.com/v1/chat/completions",
+        headers={
+            "Authorization": f"Bearer {api_key}",
+            "OpenAI-Project": OPENAI_PROJECT_ID,
+            "Content-Type": "application/json",
+        },
+        json={
+            "model": model,
+            "messages": messages,
+        },
+        timeout=60,
+    )
+    response.raise_for_status()
+    return extract_message_content(response.json())
+
+
+def build_bill_summary_messages(
+    *,
+    bill_text: BillText,
+) -> list[dict[str, str]]:
+    """Build the GPT prompt messages for one bill text row."""
+    if not bill_text.text_content:
+        msg = f"bill_text id={bill_text.id} has no text_content"
+        raise BillSummaryError(msg)
+
+    bill = bill_text.bill
+    compressed_text = compress_bill_text(bill_text.text_content)
+    if not compressed_text:
+        msg = f"bill_text id={bill_text.id} has no summarizable text_content"
+        raise BillSummaryError(msg)
+
+    metadata = "\n".join(
+        (
+            f"Congress: {bill.congress}",
+            f"Bill: {bill.bill_type} {bill.number}",
+            f"Title: {bill.title_short or bill.title or bill.official_title or ''}",
+            f"Top subject term: {bill.subjects_top_term or ''}",
+            f"Text version: {bill_text.version_code}"
+            + (f" ({bill_text.version_name})" if bill_text.version_name else ""),
+        )
+    )
+    summarization_prompts = load_summarization_prompts()
+    user_prompt = "\n\n".join(
+        (
+            "BILL METADATA:",
+            metadata,
+            summarization_prompts["user_template"].format(text_content=compressed_text),
+        )
+    )
+
+    return [
+        {"role": "system", "content": summarization_prompts["system_prompt"]},
+        {
+            "role": "user",
+            "content": user_prompt,
+        },
+    ]
+
+
+def summarize_bill_text(
+    *,
+    model: str,
+    bill_text: BillText,
+) -> str:
+    """Generate and return a summary for one bill_text row."""
+    messages = build_bill_summary_messages(bill_text=bill_text)
+    summary = call_openai_summary(
+        model=model,
+        messages=messages,
+    ).strip()
+    if not summary:
+        msg = f"Model returned an empty summary for bill_text id={bill_text.id}"
+        raise BillSummaryError(msg)
+    return summary
+
+
+def store_bill_summary_result(
+    *,
+    bill_text: BillText,
+    summary: str,
+    model: str,
+) -> None:
+    """Store a generated summary and the prompt/model metadata that produced it."""
+    bill_text.summary = summary
+    bill_text.summarization_model = model
+    bill_text.summarization_system_prompt_version = "v1"
+    bill_text.summarization_user_prompt_version = "v1"
+
+
+def create_select_bill_texts_for_summarization(
+    congress: int | None = None,
+    bill_ids: list[int] | None = None,
+    bill_text_ids: list[int] | None = None,
+    force: bool = False,
+    limit: int | None = None,
+) -> Select:
+    """Select bill_text rows that have source text and need summaries."""
+    stmt = (
+        select(BillText)
+        .join(Bill, Bill.id == BillText.bill_id)
+        .where(BillText.text_content.is_not(None), BillText.text_content != "")
+        .options(selectinload(BillText.bill))
+        .order_by(BillText.id)
+    )
+    if congress is not None:
+        stmt = stmt.where(Bill.congress == congress)
+    if bill_ids:
+        stmt = stmt.where(BillText.bill_id.in_(bill_ids))
+    if bill_text_ids:
+        stmt = stmt.where(BillText.id.in_(bill_text_ids))
+    if not force:
+        stmt = stmt.where(or_(BillText.summary.is_(None), BillText.summary == ""))
+    if limit is not None:
+        stmt = stmt.limit(limit)
+    return stmt
+
+
+def extract_message_content(data: dict[str, Any]) -> str:
+    """Extract message content from a chat-completions response body."""
+    choices = data.get("choices")
+    if not isinstance(choices, list) or not choices:
+        msg = "Chat completion response did not contain choices"
+        raise BillSummaryError(msg)
+
+    first = choices[0]
+    if not isinstance(first, dict):
+        msg = "Chat completion choice must be an object"
+        raise BillSummaryError(msg)
+
+    message = first.get("message")
+    if isinstance(message, dict) and isinstance(message.get("content"), str):
+        return message["content"]
+    if isinstance(first.get("text"), str):
+        return first["text"]
+
+    msg = "Chat completion response did not contain message content"
+    raise BillSummaryError(msg)
+
+
+def main(
+    model: Annotated[str, typer.Option(help="OpenAI model id.")] = "gpt-5.4-mini",
+    congress: Annotated[
+        int | None, typer.Option(help="Only process one Congress.")
+    ] = None,
+    bill_ids: Annotated[
+        list[int] | None,
+        typer.Option(
+            "--bill-id",
+            help="Only process one internal bill.id. Repeat for multiple bills.",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    bill_text_ids: Annotated[
+        list[int] | None,
+        typer.Option(
+            "--bill-text-id",
+            help="Only process one internal bill_text.id. Repeat for multiple rows.",
+        ),
+    ] = None,
+    limit: Annotated[int | None, typer.Option(help="Maximum rows to process.")] = None,
+    force: Annotated[
+        bool,
+        typer.Option(help="Regenerate summaries for rows that already have a summary."),
+    ] = False,
+    dry_run: Annotated[
+        bool, typer.Option(help="Print summaries without writing them to the database.")
+    ] = False,
+    log_level: Annotated[str, typer.Option(help="Log level.")] = "INFO",
+) -> None:
+    """CLI entrypoint for generating and storing bill summaries."""
+    logging.basicConfig(
+        level=log_level,
+        format="%(asctime)s %(levelname)s %(name)s: %(message)s",
+    )
+    if not getenv("CLOSEDAI_TOKEN"):
+        message = "CLOSEDAI_TOKEN is required"
+        raise typer.BadParameter(message)
+
+    engine = get_postgres_engine(name="DATA_SCIENCE_DEV")
+    with Session(engine) as session:
+        stmt = create_select_bill_texts_for_summarization(
+            congress=congress,
+            bill_ids=bill_ids,
+            bill_text_ids=bill_text_ids,
+            force=force,
+            limit=limit,
+        )
+        bill_texts = session.scalars(stmt).all()
+        logger.info("Selected %d bill_text rows for summarization", len(bill_texts))
+
+        written = 0
+        for index, bill_text in enumerate(bill_texts, 1):
+            summary = summarize_bill_text(
+                model=model,
+                bill_text=bill_text,
+            )
+            store_bill_summary_result(
+                bill_text=bill_text,
+                summary=summary,
+                model=model,
+            )
+            if index % 100 == 0:
+                session.commit()
+            written += 1
+            session.commit()
+            logger.info("Stored summary for bill_text id=%s", bill_text.id)
+
+        logger.info("Done: stored %d summaries", written)
+
+
+def cli() -> None:
+    """Typer entry point."""
+    typer.run(main)
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    cli()